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Ufuna ukukhangela ii-equations ngaphandle kweintanethi, zama iapp yethu yeselfowuni

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Yintoni ulinganiso lweekhemikhali?

I-Chemical Equation luhlobo lokuchaza indlela ekhemikhali eliza kuphendula ngayo igama lento nganye yemichiza eya kutshintshwa luphawu lweekhemikhali.

Kwi-Chemical Equation, ulwalathiso lwentolo lumele icala apho impendulo ivela khona. Ukuphendula ngendlela enye, siya kubonisa ngotolo ukusuka ekhohlo ukuya ekunene. Ke izinto ezisekhohlo ziya kubandakanyeka, kwaye enye esekunene iya kuba yimveliso.

Inkcazo yokuLingana ngokuLinganayo

I-equation equation yi-chemical reaction equation apho intlawulo iyonke kunye nenani lee-athomu kwinto nganye ekuphenduleni ziyafana kuzo zombini ii-reactants kunye namacandelo. Ngamanye amagama, ubunzima kunye nentlawulo kumacala omabini okuphendula bayalingana.

Imizekelo yokulinganisa okungalinganiyo kunye nokulinganisela

Izinto ezenzekileyo kunye neemveliso zempendulo yeekhemikhali zidweliswe kulungelelwaniso lweekhemikhali olungalinganiyo, kodwa ubuninzi obufunekayo ukuzalisekisa ubunzima abuchazwanga. Lo mlinganiso, umzekelo, awulinganiswanga ngokobunzima bokuphendula phakathi kwe-iron oxide kunye nekhabhoni ukwenza i-iron kunye ne-carbon dioxide:

Fe₂O₃ + C → Fe + CO₂

Kuba akukho ion kumacala omabini e-equation, intlawulo ilinganisiwe (intlawulo engathathi hlangothi).
Kwicandelo lama-reactants equation (ekhohlo kwetolo), zimbini ii-atom zentsimbi, kodwa inye kuphela kwicala lemveliso (ngasekunene kwetolo). Ungatsho ukuba i-equation ayilingani nangona ungazibali ezinye ii-athomu.
Kuwo omabini amacala asekhohlo nasekunene kutolo, injongo yokulinganisa i-equation kukufumana inani elifanayo kuhlobo ngalunye lweathom. Oku kufezekiswa ngokutshintsha ii-coefficients zekhompawundi (amanani abekwe phambi kweefomula zekhompawundi). Imibhalo engezantsi (amanani amancinci ngasekunene kweeathom ezithile, ezinje ngentsimbi kunye neoksijini kule meko) azange zitshintshwe.

Ukulingana okulinganayo yile:

2 Fe₂O₃ + 3 C → 4 Fe + 3 CO₂

Yintoni into ekhemistry?

Qaphela, konke okubonakalayo, kubandakanya imizimba yethu, zizinto. Kukho izinto zendalo ezifana nezilwanyana, izityalo, imilambo, umhlaba ... zizinto ezingezizo.

Izinto zendalo zinenani lezinto ezahlukeneyo. Kwaye izinto ezingezizo ezenziweyo zenziwe ngezinto. Yonke into yinto okanye ngumxube wezinto ezithile. Umzekelo: iAluminiyam, iiplastiki, iglasi, ...

Ziziphi iipropati zabo?

Into nganye ineempawu ezithile: ilizwe okanye ifom (eqinileyo, engamanzi, irhasi) umbala, ivumba kunye nencasa. Ukubala okanye ukunganyibiliki emanzini ... Indawo yokunyibilika, indawo yokubilisa, umxhuzulane othile, ukuqhuba kombane, njl.

Kwaye amandla okuguqula ukuba ube kwezinye izinto, umzekelo, ukukwazi ukubola, ukubaleka ... ziipropathi zeekhemikhali.

Yintoni i-athomu?

Zonke izinto zenziwe ngamasuntswana amancinci kakhulu, ombane angathathi hlangothi abizwa ngokuba zii-atom. Kukho amashumi ezigidi zezinto ezahlukeneyo, kodwa zingaphezulu kwe-100 kuphela zee-athomu.

Iatom inenucleus ehlawuliswe ngokufanelekileyo kunye neqokobhe elenziwe ngombane omnye okanye nangaphezulu

Ukuphendula ngokudibeneyo

Kwakhona kwaziwa ngokuba yi-synthesis reaction. Olunye uhlobo lwenzeka rhoqo ngokudityaniswa kokuphendula kukusabela kwento eneoksijini yokwenza i-oxide. Ngaphantsi kweemeko ezithile, isinyithi kunye ne-nonmetal zombini zisabela ngokulula ngeoksijini. Nje ukuba ilayishwe, i-magnesium iphendula ngokukhawuleza nangokumangalisayo, isabela ngeoksijini evela emoyeni ukwenza i-magnesium oxide powder.

O₂ + P₂O₃ →P₂O₅ H₂ + S → H₂S O₂ + Se → SeO₂ C + CO₂ → 2CO Ca₃(PO₄)₂ + H₃PO₄ → 3CaHPO₄ Cl₂ + H₂ → 2HCl 2Mg + O₂ → 2MgO Jonga konke ukuphendula ngokudibeneyo

Ukuphendula kokubola

Uninzi lwempendulo yokubola lubandakanya ubushushu, ukukhanya, okanye umbane kwigalelo lamandla. Iikhompawundi kanambambili yimixube equka izinto ezimbini kuphela. Olona hlobo lulula lokuphendula kukubola kuxa ikhompawundi yokubumba ihla iye kwizinto zayo. I-oxide yeMercury (II), ebomvu ebomvu, iyabola yenze i-mercury kunye negesi yeoksijini xa ishushu. Kwakhona, impendulo ithathwa njengempendulo yokubola kwanokuba enye okanye ezingaphezulu zeemveliso zisisihlanganisi. Icarbonate yentsimbi iyaqhekeka ukuze yenze i-oxide yentsimbi kunye necarbon dioxide gas. I-calcium carbonate umzekelo ibola iye kwi-calcium oxide kunye ne-carbon dioxide.

2Fe (OH)₃ → Fe₂O₃ + 3H₂O 2C₂H₅OH → H₂O + C₂H₅OC₂H₅ C₄H₁₀ → CH₃CH = CHCH₃ + H₂ BaCl₂ → Cl₂ + Ba Fe₂(NGOKU₄)₃ → Fe₂O₃ + 3SO₃ I-2KClO₃ → 2KCl + 3O₂ 2HCl → Cl₂ + H₂ Jonga konke ukuphendula kokubola

Ukuphendula ukunciphisa i-oxidation

Impendulo yokunciphisa i-oxidation (redox) luhlobo lokuphendula kwamachiza kubandakanya ukudluliswa kwee-elektroni phakathi kweentlobo ezimbini. Impendulo yokunciphisa i-oxidation nayiphi na impendulo yamakhemikhali apho inani le-oxidation ye-molecule, i-athomu, okanye iinguqu zenguqu ngokufumana okanye ukulahla i-electron. Ukuphendula kwe-Redox kuqhelekile kwaye kubalulekile kweminye yemisebenzi esisiseko yobomi, kubandakanya ifotosinthesisi, ukuphefumla, ukutsha kunye nokubola okanye ukurusa.

CH₃UMNQOPHISO₃ + H₂ → CH₃UTSHEKELA₃ Cl₂ + Cu → CuCl₂ 2Al + 6HCl → 2AlCl₃ + 3H₂ 2H₂O + 2CuSO₄ → 2Cu + 2H₂SO₄ + O₂ 3CO + Fe₂O₃ → 2Fe + 3CO₂ H₂O₂ + Mnu₂ → 2O₂ + H₂Mn 3Ca (ClO)₂ → 2CaCl₂ + Ca (ClO₃)₂ Jonga lonke ugcino-lonciphiso lokuphendula

Ukuphendula ngendlela enye

I-A + BC → AC + B Element A sisinyithi kule mpendulo ngokubanzi kwaye ithathe indawo yento B, isinyithi esikwikhompawundi ngokunjalo. Ukuba into yotshintsho ayisiyentsimbi, kufuneka ibuyisele enye into engeyiyo intsimbi kwikhompawundi, kwaye iba lulinganiso ngokubanzi. Uninzi lwezinyithi lusabela ngokulula ngeeasidi, kwaye enye yeemveliso zokuphendula xa zisenza igesi yehydrogen. I-Zinc iphendula kwi-zinc chloride ene-aqueous kunye ne-hydrogen ene-hydrochloride acid (jonga umfanekiso ongezantsi).

4Cl₂ + 2Ee₂O₃ → 4FeCl₂ + 3O₂ Fe + CuSO₄ → Cu + Ewe₄ Mg + Ewe₄ → Fe + MgSO₄ 2C + Ewe₂ → 2CO + Si Br₂ + 2NaI → mna₂ + 2NaBr H₂SO₄ + Mg → H₂ + MgSO₄ 2Akukho₃ + Cu → 2Ag + Cu (HAYI₃)₂ Jonga Zonke izinto ezinokususwa endaweni enye

Ukuphendula kabini

I-AB + CD → AD + i-CB A kunye no-C zii-cations ezichanekileyo kule mpendulo, ngelixa u-B no-D bezichasene ne-anion. Ukuphendula okuphindwe kabini kwenzeka kwisisombululo esinamandla phakathi kweekhompawundi. Ukwenza impendulo, enye yeemveliso zihlala ziqinile, irhasi, okanye ikhompawundi njengamanzi. Iifom zokuthintela ukusabela endaweni yokubuyisela endaweni ephindwe kabini xa iications ezivela kwinto enye edityanisiweyo zidibanisa ukwenza ikhompiyutha ye-ionic engenakunyibilika kunye nee-anion ezivela kwenye into ephendulayo. Ukuphendula okulandelayo kwenzeka xa izisombululo zamanzi ze-potassium iodide kunye ne-lead (II) nitrate zidityanisiwe.

AgNO₃ + NaBr → AgBr + NaNO₃ Mg + 2KHSO₄ → H₂ + K₂SO₄ + MgSO₄ Fe₂(NGOKU₄)₃ + 6NaOH → 3Na₂SO₄ + 2Fe (OH)₃ CH₃COONA + HNO₃ → CH₃YEKHAYA + NaNO₃ + → 4NoOH + P₂O₅ → H₂O + 2Na₂HPO₄ I-HCl + KHS → H₂S + KCl Jonga lonke uluvo oluphindwe kabini

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